Global Livestock Advocacy for Development convening

3-4 October 2017 JVC Auditorium, Nairobi, Kenya

Objectives:

Test and validate GLAD project products and insights gained so far
With other actors and partners, generate collective ideas to take the results of this and other related projects forward
Deliver 'training' to livestock advocates and communicators in the form of a 'masterclass'

Agenda

File:GLAD_meetings_oct2017_convening.docx

Participants

File:GLAD_meetings_oct2017_people.pdf

Outputs

Some photos: [[1]]

blog post from the convening: [[2]]

introductory presentation by Peter Ballantyne: [[3]]

Notes of the meeting

Welcomes and introductions

Rinn Self: a big gap for livestock advocacy. This group is critical to taking livestock to the next level. Thank you for your time and for the great conversations we'll be having.

Jimmy Smith Welcome everyone to ILRI, particularly for something as important as this. There is less attention to the livestock agenda as we would like. Attention is disproportionately low against its potential. Out of the billions spent on ODA, 4.5% on agriculture and of this about 5% on livestock. That is not terribly different from the national agenda. Often representing 40% of agriculture, livestock receives 5% of national funding. Global livestock discourse is very negative about livestock. Evidence and arguments are building against livestock. Health, obesity etc. linked in the public mind to livestock. We need to separate facts from fiction and be more specific in light of generalities. We need to bring voice to the voiceless. We have not been able to debunk fiction for a very long time. Amounts of methane emissions mentioned originated from the developed world and do not necessarily translate well for developing countries. IPPC numbers are vastly over-exaggerated. We must bring a voice to the voiceless. 1.2bn people depend on livestock e.g. in Mongolia, Sahel, pastoralists cannot live without livestock. Not everything is good: it's true that livestock is responsible for some emissions. But e.g. transport etc. are going to be made efficient but we don't talk about getting rid of it. There's more harm than good in getting rid of livestock. We need to focus on the development aspect of the agenda. Obesity etc. is about poor choice of food, not about animals. There is no equivalent between people with poor choice of foods and no choice of food. We've got to move faster. And we shouldn't be blind advocates. But we need to get very aggressive about getting the information out. Let's not divorce the work we do on research from the work of advocacy, which needs to be based on good science. This is about the livelihood of 1.2 bn people. We cannot meet nutritional needs without animal source foods in the first 1000 days.

Mapping participant issue priorities and capacity strengths

Notes from the evidence review: Nutrition

+ First 1000 days ++ Young people / schools ? Red meat vs. white meat - Health benefits of one over another +++ Dietary diversity including animal source foods +++ Vitamine B12 is only available in ASF and is essential for cognitive development Locally available / accessible of supplements (vit.A, vit. B12) Nutrition sensitive production (consumption of ASF by livestock production households). ILRI Uganda evidence

Raise pigs to improve household ASF consumption HKI study in Burkina. Poultry raising increases household income and then increases fish consumption

Focus on underconsumption (area of expertise) of ASD. Does this work for ADV? Focus on dietary diversity Partner with researchers focusing on over consumption Locally produced? Link between increase in production and increase in consumption? Evidence of directed projects

LSMS comparing communities with with those without livestock in terms of nutrition Organic animal source food and nutrition (evidence needed) Classification of findings for stranger confidence levels (controversial???) Omitting? Different production systems

Access to diversity of products (nutrient profiles)
Cognitive ability (index)

Choices for survival (no choice) Long term impact to national development Fragile/hostile environment Industrialization of livestock products

For healthy children, meat, dairy and effs are essential. Meat substitutes or milk substitutes are not really substitutes. Perception of nutrition contributing to health is not always clear. "Food as fuel not as full"

Notes from the evidence review:Growth and equity

Growing demand

Also mention differentiated markets e.g. niche markets
Low income or developing countries?
Add example
"2 out of 5" --> 5/10-year average. Country-specific
?Artificial meat?

Economic importance of livestock

Compare with private level (explore why low levels) of investments (not only public). Check types of investment - toward more equity?
Add example --> compare countries within East Africa vis-a-vis investment
Land tenure in SSA
Check WB portfolio report (Franck)

Smallholders supplying most of the ASF - what's the call for action?

Include success stories of livestock getting people out of poverty (e.g. people choosing livestock when getting cash transfer)
Comparing income from livestock vs. other activities . FAO report using LSMS data (Amos)
Relates to the "peace and stability" discussion [Silent Army]
Example of Vietnam

Domestic and export markets

Give the example of Botswana
Link it to increasing demand

Job creation & employment

Include extension services for increasing production and jobs
Include 'job quality' --> ex. data on milk markets Kenya
Employment along the value chain

Non-market benefits of livestock

Describe more than statistics
Success stories
Kenya + Ethiopia runners
Investing income from livestock to invest in other activities
Access to micro-credit based on livestock as collateral

Livestock, one of the few options people have

Extreme situations: a) pastoral, b) landless
Elevate this message
Livestock as an 'alternative currency'
LIVE-STOCK - Livestock in conflict areas [PASHA report - Franck]

Other points

Define a "desired growth and equity" path
RoI for livestock projects - check LiDeSa Liv.Inc. monitoring tool
Define "smallholders"
Pro-poor policies [e.g. no livestock in Dar-es-Salaam]
Look at multiple functions of livestock in pastoral systems
Visioning livestock functions as a network
Make it more 'personal', 'real people', linked to SDGs (reality)
Import substitutions strategies to boost livestock production
Artificial meat options
Urban livestock keeping
Diverse livestock system as a positive for flexibility for more options/choices

Notes from the evidence review: Health

Human nutrition security, overconsumption, chronic disease (government) Perspectives (donor countries / LMIC) (Double) burden of malnutrition Quantity vs. quality of diets (diversity) Equity access to ASF

We can control animal health Side-effects of producing more ASF FBD Effects of climate change on distribution of zoonotic + epidemic diseases. Em. inf. disease Internal social responsibility

Up-to-date reference on economic losses eg 1 in 3 cows dies every minute, instead of absolute number

Health issues as driver of poverty. "Funerals kill the rest of the family" (Patti Kristjansson) ASF helps preventing human disease (reference)

AMR different livestock prdouction systems + uses of antimicrobials and other KAP/GHP

Extension infrastructure prerequisites "Answers are these but difficult to get them to source of the problem"

Recovery of costs for control of livestock health But don't have for human health zoonoses

Use specific examples, success country, examples. This concretizes the point for donors, governments Vet. minister trained for static (intensive) systems and find it challenging to deal with mobile systems 2) Contact of livestock animals with other species (e.g. buffalo)

Too much emphasis on export markers can jeopardize smallholder systems Consider costs of prevention versus damage control (scenarios + literature). Prevention ?? must be cost effective

Adequate transformation of livestock products could be used to mitigate issues related to the transport of live animals Simple processes (like cooking!) could replace expensive restrictions in trade How much to invest to prevent animal health restrictions from hindering progress /econ. assurance of lower income countries

PPR Perspective former / impact farm Asset - household resilience. Nutrition/health - Household/ country/ region

Decision-making on problems not necessarily made at the source of the problem (communication lobby)

Evidence-emotions-decisions Vaccines, AMR Rinderpest add ex. human diseases

Refer to human health cases (WHO malaria)

More stories less fact. Humanize SEA CSF / Rinderpest / ECF

Includ. wildlife / TBD

Notes from the evidence review: Environment and climate change

Livestock as central to organic farming Messaging: What is the baseline, the common denominator, the counterfactual (scenarios)? Messaging: How to communicate that? Messaging: Need to recognize that messaging on livestock and environment may never succeed on its own. The business / economic case for livestock needs to be stronger Messaging: Visually! In situ show livestock communities Messaging: Need to think about which words to use: efficiency, productive, intensification, sustainable?? Multiple dimensions of benefits: 1. Key message on multidimensional benefits (positive message to start) 2. Challenge 1 3. Challenge 2 4. Practical action - pastoralists 5. Practical action - smallholder mixed systems "differentiated solutions". "Hey, Monbiot, really?" Messaging: BIG opportunities to safeguard environment/reduce impact Health of ecosystems/land depend on livestock Greater efficiency does not mean industrial Livestock as part of diversity Reverse 'livestock as a problem' - "Livestock as part of the solution" Shift view of livestock as a product

The place o livestock in smallholder farming systems Messaging: "The business risk of not having livestock" The resilience role of livestock Smallholder farming vs. livestock already are sustainability. It can be improved but it's already quite good Livestock as part of peoples' lives We need the facts but facts will not win any battle [IMPORT PICTURE OF BIG FOOT] What do you compare the figures to? Livestock good: biogas, soil health We can use livestock to make things better Visual messaging (especially away from the road, not in the middle of a drought) The counterfactual of what if you removed the livestock

Notes from the evidence review: Gender

Tone:

Use action and firm words where possible. Does vs. can/could
Need to update some stats
Messages should avoid denigrating other sectors (in contrast to, but unlike). Celebrate livestock
Land issues - join the call for support
Need more calls to action - What should be done to solve problems

Other issues:

Water and water carrying and productive water
Impact of women's income on whole household security
Employment
Women-centered vs. equity

Land / water <--> feed/fodder grazing Control of animals [Access to markets (informal/formal). (microfinance & financial services). Nutritional outcomes. Knowledge & information Animal health knowledge Husbandry breeds

Round 2: 1000 days When women are empowered, then income Livestock pot valuable income source for women often lack access to services (extension AH services). Unconventional evidence / success stories. Poultry and goats (small ruminants) (but not only!) are important livestock opportunities for women but often lack skills to make it work If women would have equal access to inputs/services their production would increase by... )(not much evidence) Women-markets (different role in informal vs. formal markets) "Formal" is not always better, especially for women Changing institutional arrangements (women group together to sell pigs in UE) --> taking animals to markets increases income. (self-help groups) Women are not only producers. Many examples of powerful women along value chains e.g. traders, aggregators. Example: vignettes of women along value chain Livestock keeping families need to intentionally targeting women

What is the role of research in power imbalance? --> Highlight success --> Equal beneficiaries

How do we recognize the work being done and build on this? --> Does data exist

Messages that promote opportunities for all. It's about empowering those who have been without opportunity, not promoting one gender over another Need to separate the developed world narrative from the realities elsewhere Gains to society from "empowering all: (through livestock). What will the household society gain? Women already putting in a lot (time) into livestock. can that input be made more efficient, productive Can we improve their benefits, address institutional, cultural barriers? Livestock providing choices to women? What are the avenues for...? Recognize the nuances: livestock can be a full time business or something on the side. Who's the message for? Donors? Governments?

Notes from livestock advocacy and communications approaches

Creative livestock evidence resource

Too general

Concrete examples
Talk about people. People + animals. Spokespeople quotes. The 'everyman'
Simplify (not simplistic) / actionable
Humans of NY (people of livestock
Online + print
Win/win solutions
Myth vs. fact. Bridging physical + ideological 'distance' --> bring people onto farms
Real time model. Changing metrics to show implications
(*) Truth-o-meter 'fact check'
Positive stories
(*) What would happen if...". Cf. video infographic of France without immigration after winning world Cup Soccer
Syrian war - counterfactual of war
WTO - "Trading safely". Problem/solution
Personal stories - livestock transformation

Donors

Also in 'South'
New types of donors
Private sector

Personal stories

Kenyan runners / politicians / UN / bigger business person / youth
Beneficiaries of livestock
Across value chain, not just keepers

Kenco: coffee ad -> getting kids out of gangs Milk ad - milk mustache 'Got milk?' Land O'Lakes Typical weekly eating of a family around the world 'Slogan' 'Humanising animals and for inanimate objects' "Happy cows" Kenya (recycling) video - "I didn't want to end up a plastic can"

(*)Joint letter to editor

Milking a cow to have schoolbooks come out Don't be defensive/reactive/whinging BE proactive / positive / solution-focused OXFAM - scale context. 10 richest vs. 50% poorest. Carbon footprint. Small amount of ASF needed. vs. average developed world vs. size of benefits "Spill over effects" of milk --> x jobs

Did you know? 5 factoids about myth busting, A-ha facts

'Second life' scenario 'Forums' to help roll out tool 'Resource library' no fuzzy wuzzy Packet for in-person fundraising content dropped into physical product

Global (UN) and targeted institutional advocacy

Donors Current:

Ecosystem donors - countries - applicants - all three need coordination
Risks of change in admin's and policies
Protracted crises / migration / peace & security rising.
Find the issues where donors are interested and make the livestock case
World Bank annual meetings.

Things we need:

Need more and more diverse proposals (many focus on feed for animals, not nutrition)
Align donor funding, encourage synergies, consistent objectives
Get recipient countries to prioritize livestock
GLobal disconnect between country national & donor (codex and other systems) priorities
Encouraging donors to invest in impacts. Too many donors divide projects into the tiny buckets with too many objectives
Understand the where the money is + follow the money (value chains, gender, climate change etc.)
Evid. Using existing projects to get data on positive impacts e.g. to take into climate money
GLAD: Agree what should be priorities and evidence. Need a grassroots process
Make sure livestock applicants ready to walk through the door
Ability to create adaptable donations
More focus on Foundations.
Role for dev. banks (must have country-led demonstrations)
We bid against each other instead of collaborating
World Bank increasing livestock investment
IFAD
Countries still focused on productivity and poverty. Issues like gender, nutrition not getting IFIIs requests for that
Mechanisms like EU-AU PanAfrican envelope will tier types of funding to national regional, country levels
EU donor side - World Bank; OIE + others who have ties

Path forward Annual plan Livestock ambassadors (diverse committed) Trust Africa, others willing - Donkey Sanctuary, AU-eminent persons Foster 10-15 voices to help Need volunteers Potential of alliances (maybe GASL??) to coordinate Need country champions UNCTAD (SAGCOT-CTF) - Link to entrepreneurship (EMPRETEC) and farming as business (FAAB)

Work sharing: include working animals to expand group (GLAD, OIE others willing to help) AU creating an African Livestock Development Forum. Possible to reach out more to their ambassadors

Call to action: key language we can all support Reach out to private sector

Current situation:

Lack of livestock text
Pressure to suppress/walk away from livestock at least 10 years ago
Even true at FAO
Hard to deal with partnerships inside UN. Still a new cultural

Potential:

Coordinate more
Partnerships outside UN alliances can open up new opportunities
Look where the negatives - advisory scanning
targeting G77

Where to go:

2nd ComGA - Ag & FS
UNEA
CSW - rural women
Decade of action and nutrition
ALPF
CFS
EU delegation
AU holding briefings with its member states
UNFCC
Extinction
COAGG sub comm on lviestock
AMR
FfD

Work sharing Agree

News (& social) media outreach

Joint media work around events
ILRI tainted with 'pro-industry'. So collaborate with farmers / CSO spokespeople
Writing op-eds = art

NY Times resource to use Get to the main point right away Cut --> Cut --> Cut --> Cut. Don't expect staff to write op-eds Eradicate self promotion. Play up academic qualifications ("academics as proxies") People have opinions - interview them Make op-eds "evergreen" Use LinkedIn Encourage people to be "brand ambassadors" Create social media messaging map - including draft comments Educate staff on how to use social media e.g. tag people - how to Always involve civil society in a holistic way (and unlikely partners) Jointly sign op-eds

Ask staff what frustrates them most The media tells you what to think about Use media to set the agenda CoP can amplify messages. More engagement on social media needed - more comments Facebook (private consumers) LinkedIn (thought leaders, good search engine) Twitter (orgs or journalists) Instagram (visual generation, visual impact) Why are we using social media? Bubble problem of social media Train people to use smarter Share people/orgs to follow Go mobile

Most consumption on phone, not computer Use multi-stakeholder platforms Make strategic alliances What'sApp Images are king Video shorts are queen

The democracy aspect = danger of fake news Radio is still huge Bulletins getting shorter (more time for ads)

Go with stories to reach the young Use pictures with paragraphs as story

Story formats work: Animal rescue. Humans of New York. Speed up shots of cooking. Tasty App.

Blended learning products

Delivery Knowledge skills Mapping livestock sector (evidence-based) Agree baseline data

Tools are there but not being used Now do we make messages fit different contexts and audiences e.g. scientific, NGOs etc

Tools and supports for advocacy planning and implementation missing How do we package our information better to support forums Advocacy model/approach Advocacy recipients. How to identify actors Define advocacy objectives. Possible Outcome Mapping

Getting advocacy objectives linked to understanding of policy and better understanding of: What is the policy? Who is in charge?

Show the 'basics' of advocacy? What advocacy? What are the means?

Target those whose job is advocacy and those who need it but are not only advocacy agents Target audience selection How to pull out and contextualise key messages How to gather stories and evidence and which tools they can use M&E of effectiveness of advocacy

Decision drafters Ability of decision makers to understand and interpret data (percentages, reading tables, graphs). How to work with decision makers?

How to get the messages to a broader audience (social media etc.) How to navigate the cultural, environmental issues around your advocacy

Getting feedback on advocacy efforts. How does information scientists provide get used in advocacy?

Community of practice

Overall goal: increase attention and funds for livestock; through advocacy

Essential elements for success

1. Atrracttive value propositions offering benefits and outcomes for the participants, such as:

connections
access to expertise and collaborators
faciltating learning and new ideas
offering inspiration
providing answers to questions
encouraging skills development
a space for innovation
a mobilizing mchanism (towards other actions in the project)

2. Diverse membership (types of people/skills/organizations; ultimately beyond livestock) 3. Have a clear plan, scope and strategy 4. Have energizing facilitation and moderation 6. Use strict moderation and focus; to avoid overload 7. Carefully select a platform (email, face to face, not whatsapp as this leads to phone overload)

Big project idea that could be associated to the COP

something that is : binding, mobilizing, energizing, value adding, harnesses the power of the crowd

idea: 'livestock news truthometer'; members post some news item that needs attention to the community; members source the truths and facts and evidence; they react quickly; tapping networks of networks and members. Needs to be coordinated and rapid.

Such a 'reactive' approach could be matched with a 'proactive' approach where members pitch ideas and plans for collective concerted actions.

Commitments

	I'm generally interested	Specific inputs
Evidence	* Pablo Manzano (IUCN) * Jeff (Land O'Lakes) * Saskia (LSIL) * Lucas Tamrat (ANSAF) * Tabby Karanja (KALRO) * Dolapo Enahoro (ILRI) * Bruce Mukanda (AU-IBAR) * Louise Donnison (SEBI/LD4D) * Charles (private sector ANSAF) * Eduardo ArceDiaz (GASL) * Nicoline de Haan (ILRI)	* Lesley Mitchell: reports (Donkey Sanctuary). Evidence + reports GFF) * Eduardo Arce Diaz: Report on value of health prevention vs. intervention * Pablo: sharing and learning on environmental issues * Bethule TA / ANSAF: review for country specific contexts in Africa * Lucas Tamrat: A study on socio-economic contribution of pastoralism * Nicoline de Haan: Gender * Tabby: reports on gender dynamics in livestock * Steve Staal: new ROI from livestock
Creative resource for evidence	* Isabelle Baltenweck (ILRI) * Michael (Marchmont) * F. Berthe (LGA) * Brian Kawuma (ILRI) * Pablo Manzano (IUCN) * Saskia (LSIL) * DDF / Charles Tumaini * Charles Tumaini (private sector / ANSAF) * Bruce Mukanda (AU-IBAR) * Contact Karl Rich (ILRI)...should be interested * Bethule (Trust Africa) * Nicoline de Haan (ILRI) * Susan MacMillan (ILRI)	* Lesley Mitchell (GFF) - work together to build outreach resources + id content * James Stapleton: critical review of resource * Peter B: some review if needed * F.B: Virtual reality / featured examples * Kristina Roesel: Contribute to infographics/disease factsheets * Saskia: Contribute to infographics/disease factsheets * Pablo: offering narratives on positive livestock services / outcomes. Contacts with grassroots organizations worldwide * Bethule TA/ANSAF: contribute country-context specific reviews of evidence * Susan MacMillan: feedback
Community of practice	* Bruce Mukanda (AU-IBAR) * Brian Kawuma (ILRI) * Isabelle Baltenweck (ILRI) * Eduardo Arce-Diaz / GASL * Lucas Tamrat (ANSAF) * Pablo Manzano (IUCN) * Susan Macmillan (ILRI) * Nicoline de Haan (ILRI) * Louise Donnison (SEBI) * Lesley Mitchell (GFF/Donkey Sanctuary) * Saskia (LSIL) * Paula (ILRI) * Tabby Karanja (KALRO) * Franck Berthe (LGA) * Dolapo (ILRI) * Amos Omore (ILRI) * Charles Tumaini (DDF) * Jeff (Land O Lakes)	* Ibrahim Gashah (c/o Bruce) AU-IBAR. Links with the animal resources information system (ARIS) * Peter B - the idea reactor * Charles Tumaini - Community advocacy expert * Saskia - Link to UF and US universities working as part of LSIL * Pablo - Links with grassroots organizations
UN advocacy and institutional targeting	* Dairy Development Forum (Charles Tumaini) * Paula (ILRI) * Eduardo ArceDiaz (GASL) * Land O Lakes (Jeff) * James Stapleton (Feedback into calendar and alignment with comms) * Bruce Mukanda (AU IBAR) * Steve Staal (ILRI) * Saskia (LSIL) * Susan MacMillan (ILRI) * Nicoline de Haan (ILRI) * Bethule (Trust Africa) * Pablo Manzano (IUCN)	* DDF = livestock farming as a business (FAAB) and livestock entrepreneurship (EMPRETEC) - Charles Tumaini * Lesley Mitchell: Good Food Futures - GASL animal welfare action network - Donkey Sanctuary - International livestock advocacy * Steve Staal - Contribute to advocacy strategy * Susan MacMillan: Short sharp messages for major fora * Nicoline de Haan - Anything on gender * LSIL (Saskia): donor engagement * Bethule: ID CSO champions, ambassadors, Africa FARA CAADP AU
Blended learning	* Bethule (Trust Africa) * Lucas (ANSAF) * Bruce (AU-IBAR) * Charles Tumaini (DDF) * Steve Staal (ILRI) * Tabby Karanja (KALRO) * Susan MacMillan (ILRI) * Pablo Manzano (IUCN)	* Bill F: Op=eds pitching, media training, consulting * Bethule: Advocacy training material for CSOs * Pablo: testing usefulness for grassroots orgs * Lesley Mitchell: CFF advocacy tools and approaches * James Stapleton: Feedback in product design * Michael / Marchmont: Alignment with creative resource * Charles Tumaini: Rxpert. FAAB & EMPRETEC (UNCTAD business linkage training model) * Susan MacMillan: feedback on advocacy products
Media outreach	* Franck Berthe (WB/LGA) * Pablo (IUCN) * Brian Kawuma (ILRI) * Paula (ILRI) * Saskia (UF/LSIL) * Lesley Mitchell (CFF/Donkey Sanctuary) * Michael (Marchmont) * Bruce Mukanda (AU-IBAR) * Charles Tumaini (ANSAF) / DDF Tanzania * Susan MacMillan (ILRI)	* Berthe: Social media actor * Bruce: Links with ARIS * James: Social media tips / planning * Bill F: Op ed writing, media training, outreach, pitch op-eds, creating media lists and targets * Susan MacMillan: Op eds * Pablo: Involvement in grassroots organizations
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Closing and thank you's

Peter Ballantyne

We will get more follow up over the next few weeks. I will circulate everyone's email address. We will move more quickly on the CoP. It's a key mechanism to review some of these outputs, follow up etc. rather than sending you individual emails. One of the big tasks for the ILRI colleagues is to go back to this evidence using the feedback. Can it be brought to a state to be handed over. We'll try to have another round of reviews. The people from Tanzania we'll also try to engage the TZ audience about this, perhaps come back to Heifer, Land O'Lakes, AU-IBAR etc. We hope to have all of this by the end of first quarter next year. A final draft etc. Without your feedback it would have been much more difficult. We still have a little bit of media work and perhaps we could come back to you to do some outreach and promotion - the next one is about the launch of the creative product (end Jan. 2018). We might pull you in for media outreach etc. but the big ask is to get this product as visible to as many people as possible etc. Let's try and find ways to work jointly on this outreach. (Peter) The point is to develop this community and to work together on this thing. On policy engagement we've completed the UN level work and we're capturing that but we have to try to engage with 2 donor institutions - we still haven't decided that so we could come back to you on that etc. How to broaden that to have more impact.

Rinn Self I'm continually impressed by the ILRI team and the ability to keep the energy going. My boss talks about impatient optimists. It's a good sentiment but in livestock advocacy we need to be patient optimists. 2 years ago we had this idea and validated the idea with livestock advocacy and communications. It's still just the foundation of that house. The fact that you have shown up. Now let's be realistic about what we can achieve in the short term - let's find a few quick wins we can be impatient about and let's focus on participating in the CoP etc. to focus on the mid-term wins etc. We need to keep on investing in livestock and advocacy - spaces where progress doesn't happen overnight. We are all force multipliers and we just need to have this grounding and this energy and this goal and force multiply it into our world and bring some champions etc. I hear so much positive energy and a preemptive thank you for continuing to make it happen.

Shirley Tarawali It's just to add my words of thanks, to our donors and to all of you. There's been so much energy thanks to all of you being engaged and sensing the value of being together. I hope you picked everybody's brains. 3 things that I picked and I think will be key:

a) Diversity. We have good diversity and we haven't covered everything by any means. In diversity there is strength. When we see organisations leading all this work there's real opportunities to contribute as we've got all such different experiences and perspectives and this is going to be much stronger and more robust. It's iterative work.

b) The diversity is also the contrast between developing and developed world. While we start from different points there's a diversity in aims, production, institutions etc. We want a balanced diet. We want that balance in our messaging.

c) We need to get a lot smarter in our messaging. Sometimes we're defensive, we use facts, we use narratives. We have to be smart in how we communicate. It's only one step in our journey but it's an important step.

GLAD convening 2017

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