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'''<span style="font-size: 120%;">National Consultation Workshop on Forages and Forage Seed Industry Development in Ethiopia</span>''' '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">November 30th, 2015.</span>''' '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Lalibeal Auditorium ILRI-Addis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia </span>''' ---- '''<span style="font-size: 130%;">Objectives </span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">To get additional input from the larger audience that, at a later stage, would help develop a national forage seed and animal feed industry program in Ethiopia</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">To get buy-in from key (strategic) stakeholders mainly the government, the private sector and the donor community</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Agenda </span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">8:30 Registration </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"><span style="line-height: 1.5;">9:00 </span>Welcome and Introduction </span> ''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.5;">Siboniso (Boni) Moyo, Program Leader (Animal Science for Sustainable Productivity) and Director General’s Representative in Ethiopia</span> ''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.5;">H.E. Dr. Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes, State Minister of Livestock and Fisheries (key note speech)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Facilitator (participant introduction, Agenda and process)</span> * 9:30 <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Presentation about Past and current experiences of forage and forage seed development in Ethiopia </span> ''' <span style="display: inline !important;">[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Forage+seed+past+experiences.pptx| Past experiences of forage seed development in Ethiopia ](Lessons learnt) by </span><span style="line-height: 1.5;">Dr. Diriba Geleti, EIAR </span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;"><span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Forage+seeds+Curr+Res+and+Dev+in+Eth+2015+Revised.pptx| Current scenarios of forage and forage seed production and use in Ethiopia] (challenges and Opportunities) </span>by Dr. Getnet Assefa, EIAR</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Q&A</span> * 10:30 Group photo and networking break around coffee/tea * 11:00 <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/BI+Shapiro+Stakeholder+Discussion+Points+and+Way+Forward+30-11-15.ppt| Scaling-up forage seed and feed industry in Ethiopia and the intended outcome of the national consultative workshop ]by Dr. Barry I. Shapiro, ILRI</span> ''' Q&A * 12:00 lunch break * 13:00 <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Visioning forage and forage seed industry development concept note: group discussion on strength, weakness and opportunities </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">14:00 Feedback from groups</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">15:00 Tea break</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">15:30 Next steps</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"><span style="line-height: 1.5;">16:30 Closing, <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Adrian Cullis, </span></span>USAID-AKLDP</span> =<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilri/albums/72157659676718993| Photos]</span>= '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Participants+List.pdf| Participants List ]</span>''' = = =<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Notes from the meeting</span>= ---- ==<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Introductory comments</span>== '''Dr. Siboniso (Boni) Moyo''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Distinguished participants, ladies and gentlemen. It is my privilege and honor to welcome you all to the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) campus in Addis Ababa today. We are glad that this workshop “on the national consultation on forage and forage seed industry development initiative in Ethiopia is being held on this campus” where we host a forage Genebank with over 19 000 accessions of forages from over 1,000 species. The Genebank is the world’s major collection of African grasses and tropical highland forages”. It is an ideal venue for this workshop. Thanks to the organizing committee for the choice of venue for this workshop. </span>[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/WELCOME+REMARKS_Forage+Seed+Workshop_Nov2015.docx| Full keynote speech] '''Dr. Getnet Assefa''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Good morning and welcome everybody. </span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The demand for feed is increasing. On the other hand there is lack of grazing land. </span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Lack of supplies like seeds are very critical. Hence, identifying the major issues and treating them accordingly is very important.</span> To be successful – we need to identify strategic issues that are pertinent to forage development. We need to work together; those engaged in technology development – research – development sectors – private sector will need to be involved. We have to establish a system that will be sustainable. '''<span style="font-size: 120%;"> Past and current experiences of forage and forage seed development in Ethiopia</span>''' * '''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Presentation</span>'''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">: [http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Forage+seed+past+experiences.pptx| Past experiences of forage seed development in Ethiopia ]</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Q&A of Past Experiences</span>''' '''Question:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Why the Fourth Livestock Development Project (FLDP) farmer based contractual production didn’t continue smoothly?</span> '''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Answer:</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Financial resource availability was an issue. Unless you have a very good exit strategy which will enable the program to continue, it will be very difficult for the government to run the program smoothly. Financial plan is the main reason for the failure of the project. Government can’t continue supporting the project when projects is phasing out.</span> '''Question:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The policy change issues?</span> '''Answer:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Regarding policy changes, during 1974–1994 which was a period where the capitalist system was demoted and the regime that existed at that time had sort of socialist inclination.The policy changes, influenced the evolution of forage or feed development. Actually during this period, the issue of cooperatives was on board and farmers which constitute the majority of the population were disregarded unless they were members of the cooperatives. So, policy shift from one regime to another regime affect the performance as well.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> The other emphasis was the need for policy support in the form of regulations, procedures and rules which were considered in the sub chapters institutional problems that existed in the forage and forage seed value chain.</span> '''Question:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Why the analysis excluded the experience of Africa RISING, SNV and ILRI feed seed project and other informal sectors?</span> '''Answer:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">I just focused on those projects which are relevant for the purpose of my presentation. In programs like SNV, ILRI feed seed project and Africa RISING, it was very difficult for me to pin point some of the systematic constrains. Actually these programs are much valued as pilot programs and many stakeholders are involved and which makes it very difficult to hunt systematic and partial weaknesses. So, I thought it was good to change these programs from the list of programs which are historically analyzed in my presentation.</span> '''Question:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The 4</span>th<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> livestock project worked very aggressively but didn’t succeed in forage development, and why?</span> '''Answer:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> The 4</span>th<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Livestock project used to give seed for the farmers and after production, it used to buy from them. The project was working well. As soon as the project completed, nobody was able to buy seed from farmers. At that time MoA didn’t have a system in place and the private sector has not developed as a result farmers were discourage.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> As FLDP, cooperatives was project dependent and couldn’t survive on its own , it was not linked with livestock production and the focus was only on forage production not forage use.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Forage trees haven’t been utilized by the farmers as feed and if they had used it they could have noticed the change in performance and developed interest in utilizing the forage.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Extension agents only follow up with the distribution of seeds but did not assist farmers in the utilization and value of the forage. So that farmers didn’t have enough awareness.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> The main driver of the seed industry is not the seed sales but it is rather livestock production. For the future, we need to work on where the major incentive is, if we want the project to be sustainable. We need to integrate the livestock component as well. Without livestock support forage alone couldn’t take us further.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> When we talk about forage we also need to consider the dairy industry, otherwise we’ll keep on facing the same types of problems that we faced in the past.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Government’s policy needs to support the dairy industry and the livestock sector.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Supporting forage seed development may not be direct – rather for dairy purpose if we consider livestock as market oriented program it will increase attention in the livestock sector.</span> '''Question:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Land allocation for forage development is also given little attention.</span> '''Answer:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Land issue is a key problem, there is no enough attention given to land allocation for forage development.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Demand articulation linked with forage production was also found to be a key problem</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Considering forage as enterprise is also one of the key drawback that we have to focus on if the forage value chain has to progress smoothly.</span> . '''<span style="font-size: 130%;">Current scenarios of forage and forage seed production and use in Ethiopia</span>''' * '''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Presentation: </span>'''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Forage+seeds+Curr+Res+and+Dev+in+Eth+2015+Revised.pptx| Current scenarios of forage and forage seed production and use in Ethiopia]</span> '''<span style="font-size: 15.6px;">Q&A of Current Scenarios</span>''' '''Question:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">In your presentation feed share shows 37% contribution. It is obvious that crop residue is taking over. Is this for the highland area or does this include the lowland?</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Proportion is low – practically there is no grazing area in the highland – now all area is covered with crop.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Crop residue contribution is growing, Nutritional value is poor – what is research doing to improve this?</span> '''<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Answer:</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> 37% is sedentary not including pastoralists. This is provided by the central statistics data – we need to accept this data – although we know that the recent developments on the ground might show a difference in this. We know that there is no grazing land – it is bare. Whatsoever the data indicates the reality is that the natural grazing is decreasing. Yes it is the reality that using crop residue as feed is increasing but then the quality is very low. Crop residue contribution is very low. Even if a lot of research is done to improve crop residue feed – it could maintain few … but cannot address all the feed problem. The research should be focusing on improving the quality of feed at the same time promoting forages.</span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> '''Question''':</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage is in demand with drought incidents. How reliable is the demand for forages? If one thinks like a business man, is there the market for seed? Have we really assessed the market for seed production? Has there been a study done for economic feasibility? Is it economically feasible to produce forages?</span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> '''Answer''':</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> There is high demand for forages. The problem is most farmers are small holder farmers and the focus of the farmer is towards crop production rather that planting forages to feed his animals. On the other hand although there is high demand showing the potential for the market the feasibility of it all will need to be addressed contextually as demand differs from place to place.</span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> '''Question:''' It has been long years since the issue of feed seed production has been mentioned. Where is the bottleneck for this not to work?</span> '''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Answer:</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> The trend of livestock management by itself is an area that needs to be addressed. Demand is there but Feed seed market is not yet there. The market will need to be established.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Storage is another problem.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> We have attitudinal problems in addition to the market problem. No matter how much product is done there is no work done to change the attitude of the farmer in animal production. The biggest problem to the farmer in managing their animals is the feed but farmers still tend to engage in what they are used to rather than trying new ways, new mechanisms. Therefore, we need to demonstrate, we need to showcase the benefits.</span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> '''Question:''' Why is there not quality feed sales?</span> <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> '''Answer:'''</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Policy is one </span>bottleneck<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> .</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The area given for managing livestock is very limited.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Forage production is not a priority to the farmer.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> The farmer is thinking in terms of subsistence.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> We need to think of in terms of commercialization.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> We need to have a policy change</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Incentive and subsidy should be there by the government.</span> '''Additional Comments''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">For the farmer producing feed is with a tradeoff of production of grains vs feeds, What is the economic return? </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The question for the farmer is Can I feed my family?</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The farmer does not prefer to produce forage – hence we will need to address this.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Depending on the feasibility – also depending on the specific areas we need to address this issue.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Afar experience – maize – and 3 species of feed, top priority is given to maize</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Intercropping for feed is encouraged to create demand for feed.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We are trying to change attitude like this.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Molasses is potential – brewery grains – but by product is still very limited.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We need more research on this.</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Scaling-up forage seed and feed industry in Ethiopia and the intended outcome of the national consultative workshop</span>''' '''Presentation:''' [http://ilri-events.wikispaces.com/file/detail/BI+Shapiro+Stakeholder+Discussion+Points+and+Way+Forward+30-11-15.ppt| Scaling-up forage seed and feed industry in Ethiopia and the intended outcome of the national consultative workshop] '''Plenary Q&A''' for Barry's presentation <span style="line-height: 1.5;">'''Question''': What I am not seeing in the pillar are the production of forage as a profitable opportunity for the smallholder farmer?</span> '''Answer:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We all agree and it really is. it is 2 or 3 times profitable for the </span>farmers<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> to produce forage.May be I am wrong, and we can further argue about it.</span> '''Question:''' Your presentation tried to cover all the value chains on forage production and marketing but certified seed production and marketing is missing? '''Answer:''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We know that we need a system of certification</span> '''Question:''' We have seen the important pillars on your presentation but how do we link actors to end users? '''Answer :''' We need to do more on the processing and on the marketing side '''Comments:''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Land scarcity – if we know the whole country we have good potential in the hillsides and the mountain areas for forage development. To my opinion these are the areas that we need to engage in for forage production. The linkage between those different actors while implementing is important. So, having a natural resource management at the ministry level is basically very important. Because with this expanding of population, if we deal with forage production in those areas it will be a critical issue. We have to bring people who are implementing this at different levels.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We are going to design a big national program. We have to think big. Pillar No. 1 and 2 can be merged, 3rd, 4th and 5th can also be merged into one comprehensive thematic area. We can also have a sort of title which says forage innovations. Another bigger component which we need is value chain enhancement issues and we have to think of having a comprehensive M& E system.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">We have been talking about forage and forage seed development for the last 20 years. The starting point should be to make a very critical analysis on where have failed. We have to do analysis of technical or institutional perspective to analyze the gap. </span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Group discussion</span>''' Visioning the concept note discuss and present the strength, weakness, opportunities and strength '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Strengths:</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The PPP approach (lesson from earlier projects)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Multi-disciplinary team</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Multi-stakeholder approach on wider issues</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Inclusive value chain approach</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Concept note indicative of the scope of the problem</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Focus on certification procedures (type, fake seed, germination, output)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Quality of forage seed</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage variety development and release by research institutes and universities</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage seed regulation (release and standard started)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The program approach in the CN is good</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Sectoral integration</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Addressing forage along with forage seed is commendable</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage for NRM, SLM and other purposes</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage seed development linked to national SLM, NRM and soil fertility programs</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Efforts made from regions and previous national programs</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Availability of best practices (e.g. in pastoral areas)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Proper maintenance of genetic resources</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Forage development is good potential to contribute to biodiversity</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Feed (forage) identified as priority livestock development compared to breeding</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Emerging feed industry</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Involvement of private sectors in forage seed business</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Weakness</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Identifying the supply chain and actors and how do we link to the market and suppliers.</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The five pillars are not exhaustive e.g. marketing issues not addressed</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">CN does not show a clear forage and forage seed system to be developed (value chain)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Who multiply and market egs. Pre basic and basic</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Certified/QDS seed production and marketing</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Economic feasibility considering smallholders as a buyer vs government and programs</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Drought/forest tolerant species not identified</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Grazing and marginal lands not used to develop forage</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">No system/policy on improved management of communal graze/waste land – like “sharing of benefit”</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Demand estimation</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Is the seed system incentivized?</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Exportable commercial fodder production</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Poor experience of farmers on forage seed production/management</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Inadequate data on livestock</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Poor market information system (marketing system from producers to consumers and vice versa)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Information dissemination</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Existing best practices in the seed sector</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Concept note need to address forage quality issue in addition to forage seed certification</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">No public and private forage seed production system (basic and certified)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Luck of relevant academic programs focusing in forage seed</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Does the proposal recognize the seed cycle?</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Low emphasis to indigenous forage crops</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Inadequate crop-integrated forage seed laboratories and certifications</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Development of national standards and technical support is missing</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Limited capacity in the forage seed multiplication among the:</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Private sectors</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Research institutes</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Academic institutes </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Weak research-extension linkage –poor scaling up of technologies</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Health production extension service not integrated</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Poor utilization of the gene pool at ILRI by…</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Opportunities</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Certification system can follow the system already developed for other crops</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Use of existing community based seed production cooperatives</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Availability of basic forage seed pool at ILRI and genetic diversity in Ethiopia</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Expansion of knowledge. Institutes that can deliver capacity building activities</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Universities training institutes</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">RED – FS (forage seed can be incorporated)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Response to climate variability</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Declining of communal grazing land leading farmers to look at alternatives such as forage development</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Involvement of NGO’s in forage seed multiplication</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Supportive policy arrangement</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Ministry of animal production and fisheries</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Given emphasis in GTP II</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">New ministry</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Government interest (feeding livestock, SLM)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Possibility of integrating with NRM, SLM and CRGE activities</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Multipurpose use of forage crops availability</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Targets set on the livestock master plan and GTP II</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Growing demand for forage seeds</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Integration of forage production with other activities (such as dairy farm, land management a- like waste land)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Enough actors: producers, suppliers and market</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Private sectors interest on livestock development</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Local market demand</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Development of market for forage</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Government irrigation initiatives</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Growing demand for forage seeds</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Existence of private seed producers and cooperatives</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Threats</span>''' * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Unregulated prices distorted market</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Market for forage and forage seed not developed</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Majority of seed in the market is sub-standard</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Improperly managed forage seed – seen as week threatening crop production</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Inadequate multisector coordination (NRM, soil and forage)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Certification of forage seed is limited</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Adopted from food crops</span> ''' <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Very poor application</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Brokers dominated the seed market</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">NGO’s exit strategy:</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">None existence or not well structured producers and utilizers</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Weak market linkage</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Free distribution of forage seed</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Adoption of cultivated forage and to buy forage seeds by livestock producers</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Inputs (land, basic and breeder seed etc)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Diversified agro-ecology requirement of forage crops demand huge resource</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Conflict of interest raised on multipurpose crop utilization</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Not responding to climate change</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Livestock – environment risk factors</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Functionality of the new ministry of livestock and fishery at regional level?</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Next Steps</span>''' One of the next concert steps following this work shop will be forming technical experts for the write shop to further work on and write the project. Participants had an open discussion to nominate experts who is missing from the informal writing team. and the following institutions forwarded. * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Higher education institutions and universities</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Regional agricultural research institutes</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Agricultural investment administration agency</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Land authority</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Bureau of water</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Private and commercial seed producers</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Ethiopian standards agency </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">NGO’s (Engine NGO, nutrition sensitive organization)</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Agricultural inputs and quality control and quarantine agency (authorized agency by the MoA) – very neural</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">EPOSPEA - </span>Ethiopian pulses and oil seeds association * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Investment commission</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Microfinance institutions</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Farmers (the users) </span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Ministry of forestry and environmental protection</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The pastoralists (Offices of the pastoralists)</span> * FCA - <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Cooperatives</span> * EBI * FAO * ICRAF * ESAP - Civil society * SNV * ISSD * Forage seed producers’ network – organized by ILRI - feed seed * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Representative from Biodiversity institute</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Feed association</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Grain seed association</span> * <span style="line-height: 1.5;"> Self-help Africa on Community Seed Development</span> '''<span style="font-size: 120%;">Closing</span>''' The most important group to say thank you is to yourselves: for coming from the regions to attend the workshop and I hope you enjoyed it and I wish you all a safe travels. As we look at what a participatory exercise can generate, it is a reminder of an incredible knowledge we have in Ethiopia around every single agricultural topic. If we have been doing dry land rice or the impacts of acacia I am sure we could have generated the same amount of information. What is interesting in the agricultural sector is that, it doesn’t really matter at what level we do participatory exercise with a group of experts to generate a thousand ideas in a couple of hours but we can also generate the same amount of information with farmers. One of the discussion that needs to carry on is to know the real demand for what we are trying to sell. If we see the 57 agro-ecologies in Ethiopia 75% of them are in dryland areas. Do we have the right seed to grow the right forage that farmers want, and that is the question we should ask ourselves. So, I would like to suggest two ways that we can go forward. The first thing is we should recognize is that the GTP and the concept note are the opportunity and we should quickly build on that. As a follow up of this workshop, we will try to develop quickly a write shop and I have given my promise to Barry that we will support this in January. We should pull together a program around forage seed development, certification and similar issues. Looking into the demand side, I see another opportunity for this project. For example, right now in a zone like Wag Hemra Zone where there is a serious drought, what forage seeds do we have that would support a drought intervention in a place like this, and even if we have the right seed, do the farmers have enough land where they can allocate an area like this for forage production. The other part of the process needs to be to use all the knowledge you generated, we need to use all the comments and go deeper to look in to all these interesting ideas, views, perspectives, strength, challenges and opportunities and I believe this has to be done at the farmers level too. I hope, as we move forward in January, we have to focus in two way process. One process could be around policy and strategy development, development of a program that can create some level of interest and possibly begin to excite some of the senior people. There are some benefits as to what we could offer to the GTP and that could be benefiting the smallholder farmers in terms of nutrition and income. The second process will be trying to understand the document: what farmers interests are, what farmers are already doing, their successes, their frustrations and how they see they would like better lives through livestock. Fundamentally we cannot separate forage seed from meat or milk production Thank you and I look forward to seeing you all in January. <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[[NC_forages_and_forage_seed_nov3015_organizers| Organizers ]]</span> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 2245px; width: 1px;"> <span style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">'''<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Group discussion: </span>''' '''<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Visioning the concept note discuss and present the strength, weakness, opportunities and strength </span>''' '''<span style="background: yellow; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Strengths: </span>'''</span> <span style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">The PPP approach (lesson from earlier projects) </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Multi-disciplinary team </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Multi-stakeholder approach on wider issues </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Inclusive value chain approach </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Concept note indicative of the scope of the problem </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Focus on certification procedures (type, fake seed, germination, output) </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Quality of forage seed </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage variety development and release by research institutes and universities </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage seed regulation (release and standard started) </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">The program approach in the CN is good </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Sectoral integration </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Addressing forage along with forage seed is commendable </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage for NRM, SLM and other purposes </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage seed development linked to national SLM, NRM and soil fertility programs </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Efforts made from regions and previous national programs </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Availability of best practices (e.g. in pastoral areas) </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Proper maintenance of genetic resources </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage development is good potential to contribute to biodiversity </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Feed (forage) identified as priority liv. Development compared to breeding </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Emerging feed industry </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">• </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Involvement of private sectors in forage seed business </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">'''<span style="background: yellow; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Weakness </span>'''</span> <span style="margin-top: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Identifying the supply chain and actors and how do we link to the market and suppliers. </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The five pillars are not exhaustive e.g. marketing issues not addressed </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">CN does not show a clear forage and forage seed system to be developed (value chain) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Who multiply and market egs. Pre basic and basic </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Certified/QDS seed production and marketing </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Economic feasibility considering smallholders as a buyer vs government and programs </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Drought/forest tolerant species not identified </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Grazing and marginal lands not used to develop forage </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">No system/policy on improved management of communal graze/waste land – like “sharing of benefit” </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Demand estimation </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Is the seed system incentivized? </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Exportable commercial fodder production </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Poor experience of farmers on forage seed production/management </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Inadequate data on livestock </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Poor market information system (marketing system from producers to consumers and vice versa) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Information dissemination </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Existing best practices in the seed sector </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Concept note need to address forage quality issue in addition to forage seed certification </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">No public and private forage seed production system (basic and certified) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Luck of relevant academic programs focusing in forage seed </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Does the proposal recognize the seed cycle? </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Low emphasis to indigenous forage crops </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Inadequate crop-integrated forage seed laboratories and certifications </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Development of national standards and technical support is missing </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Limited capacity in the forage seed multiplication among the: </span></span> <span style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">o </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Private sectors </span> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">o </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Research institutes </span> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">o </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Academic institutes </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Weak research-extension linkage –poor scaling up of technologies </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Health production extension service not integrated </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Poor utilization of the gene pool at ILRI by… </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">'''<span style="background: yellow; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Opportunities</span>'''</span> <span style="margin-top: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Certification system can follow the system already developed for other crops </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Use of existing community based seed production cooperatives </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Availability of basic forage seed pool at ILRI and genetic diversity in Ethiopia </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Expansion of knowledge. Institutes that can deliver capacity building activities </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Universities training institutes </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">RED – FS (forage seed can be incorporated) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Response to climate variability </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Declining of communal grazing land leading farmers to look at alternatives such as forage development </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Involvement of NGO’s in forage seed multiplication </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Supportive policy arrangement </span></span> <span style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">o </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ministry of animal production and fisheries </span> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">o </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Given emphasis in GTP II </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">New ministry </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Government interest (feeding livestock, SLM) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Possibility of integrating with NRM, SLM and CRGE activities </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Multipurpose use of forage crops availability </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Targets set on the livestock master plan and GTP II </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Growing demand for forage seeds </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Integration of forage production with other activities (such as dairy farm, land management a- like waste land) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Enough actors: producers, suppliers and market </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Private sectors interest on livestock development </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Local market demand </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Development of market for forage </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Government irrigation initiatives </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Growing demand for forage seeds </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Existence of private seed producers and cooperatives </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">'''<span style="background: yellow; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Threats</span>'''</span> <span style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Unregulated prices distorted market </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Market for forage and forage seed not developed </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Majority of seed in the market is sub-standard </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Improperly managed forage seed – seen as week threatening crop production </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Inadequate multisector coordination (NRM, soil and forage) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Certification of forage seed is limited </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">§ </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Adopted from food crops </span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">§ </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Very poor application </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Brokers dominated the seed market </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">NGO’s exit strategy: </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">§ </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">None existence or not well structured producers and utilizers </span></span> <span style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Weak market linkage </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Free distribution of forage seed </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Adoption of cultivated forage and to buy forage seeds by livestock producers </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Inputs (land, basic and breeder seed etc) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Diversified agro-ecology requirement of forage crops demand huge resource </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Conflict of interest raised on multipurpose crop utilization </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Not responding to climate change </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Livestock – environment risk factors </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Functionality of the new ministry of livestock and fishery at regional level? </span></span> <span style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">'''<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">Who is missing in the group (institutions)? </span>''' '''<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">We are missing actors like: </span>'''</span> <span style="margin-top: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Higher education institutions and universities </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Regional agricultural research institutes </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Land authority </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Bureau of water </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Private and commercial seed producers </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ethiopian standards agency </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">NGO’s (Engine project – livelihood component is led by) – </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Agricultural inputs and quality control and quarantine agency (authorized agency by the MoA) – very neural </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Investment office </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Microfinance institutions </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Farmers (the users) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ministry of forestry and environmental protection </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The pastoralists (Offices of the pastoralists) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Universities </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Cooperatives </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Private seed producers association </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">FAO </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Representative from Biodiversity institute </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">ICRAF </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Civil society (ESAP) – </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Feed association </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Grain seed association </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Forage seed producers’ network – organized by ILRI </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ethiopian pulses and oil seeds association (EPOSPEA) </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">ISSD </span> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Self-help Africa on Community Seed Development </span></span> </span>

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